The Advent Of New Media Media Essay

The Advent Of New Media Essay Presentation The appearance of new media has had an immediate and irreversible effect on the establishments of news-casting practice. They have achieved changes which made correspondents restore their abilities and change their since quite a while ago settled working propensities. With the consistent advancement of new innovative instruments, alongside electronic stages and advances, the different working meanings of what news-casting was about in the past appear to have lost their cognizance. Moreover, the nearness of new media and the significance of ICT in newsrooms stay verifiable. Leaving aside the definitions issue, it creates the impression that new advancements have re-imagined the entire idea of what a cutting edge columnist ought to resemble, just as the information and attributes he is relied upon to have. Because of time and innovations, the abilities todays writers should hold have advanced, while those got a handle on by old school journalists seek to be restored. In spite of the eagerness of business associations to go to ICT, apparently the work power experiences challenges to make the most out of it. Sensibly, the main conceivable explanation we are enticed to advance is the absence of preparing or poor information in ICT. In any case, there appear to be other obscure variables which prevent the ideal utilization of new media in newsrooms. To have the option to recognize the causal elements to the issues referenced, a contextual investigation of a Mauritian media house will be brought out through a poll review and meetings. The last will be done among press, radio and web correspondents of Le Dã ©fi Media Group to all the more likely see how, why and to which degree new media is used in newsrooms. This association has been picked due the vital position it possesses on the nearby market. What's more, the firm oversees radio, press and web correspondents, all under a similar rooftop; which isn't the situation in other nearby media houses. The gathering likewise offers an assortment of distributions focusing on a few sorts of publicsHence, Le Dã ©fi Media Groups setting . specific setting assorted variety for dispersing news Because of the key position it involves in the neighborhood media showcase, Le Dã ©fi Media Group has been picked as the host firm for this investigation. Since its creation in 1996, the news bunch has had the option to fashion its own character, and is profoundly respected by Mauritian media shoppers. This has been demonstrated in an overview performed by Synthã ¨ses Mauritius. The report positions the media house as the second most impressive news bunch following La Sentinelle Ltd. (Anon., 2013) As such, Le Dã ©fi Media Group has two papers positioned among the main five favored weeklies, and its Le Dã ©fi Quotidien is the second most read day by day in the nation. Nervertheless, Synthã ¨ses Mauritius guarantees that Le Dã ©fi Media Groups site In strong, this exploration will endeavor to decide if new media is utilized shrewdly by columnists, to recognize the causes behind which new media isn't completely abused during news coverage practice, will evaluate concerning how journalists utilize the offices gave by new media and whether they are making the most out of the innovative frameworks offered by the association itself. The Literature Review Characterizing Journalism Throughout recent years, word references and reference books have been furnishing us with definitions, in pertinence with the periods during which they were distributed. In spite of the fact that the more established ones are accepted to be obsolete, the clear implications printed at various periods in time should empower us to remember the etymological implications of words. In that capacity, The Concise Oxford Dictionary (1963) qualifies the columnist as being one whose business is to alter or compose for an open diary. A later definition from the dictionarys site expresses that he is the person who composes for papers or magazines or plans news to be communicated on radio or TV. This definition gives advantageous measurements, yet barring crucial thoughts relating reporting to new media. (Oxford Dictionaries: The universes most confided in word references, 2013) As indicated by Jo Bardoel and Mark Deuze (2001), such definitions are obsolete. The creators feature the requirement for more extensive ones, calling for more actualised and current clarifications. Moreover, Picard (2000) attempts to give an exceptional meaning of reporting. Something other than an item or administration, he portrays it similar to a psychological movement that gives increased the value of news, be it as far as highlights, analyses, photos or amusement. Despite the fact that the creators definition brings out the nearness of new media, his examination lays accentuation more on quality in editorial movement, without obviously characterizing the inherent connection existing between the two. Connecting Journalism to New Media With new media came a lot of extra editorial jobs. Quite a while in the past columnists were just expected to go to occasions and public interviews to gather the data vital for working up their articles. Pieces were manually written first, and afterward gave over to typists who might place them in an appropriate organization. So also, picture takers, cameramen, and sound professionals were employed to accept their particular and allocated obligations. News coverage in the 21st century ended up being a remarkable inverse. Imprint Briggs (2007) claims that the attributes of the cutting edge columnist have advanced because of the approach of new mechanical apparatuses. As indicated by him, todays writers ought to be polyvalent, and have the option to control any sort of given media. They ought to be prepared to click their own photos, be prepared to video and sound record, or have altering information for example. Consequently, just those having performing multiple tasks abilities will be pined for and compensated. Because of the pace at which new media transform, the columnist ought to be able to restore himself as often as possible as required. Speedy adaption and adaptability come as essential attributes which will be definitive while separating between a capable journalist and a less effective one. As indicated by Briggs (2007), the familiar aphorisms guaranteeing that a correspondent ought to be acceptable anyplace doesn't have its reason. Today, he is relied upon to have the option to adapt to the steady mechanical and situational changes. The creator further contends that the coming of new media has prompted another type of editorial model. All things considered, the contemporary journalist will be a handyman and ace of none, an individual who can compose, shoot, alter, talk, and look great on camera with a fitness that probably won't be incredible yet adequate. (Briggs, 2007) In addition, Bardoel and Deuze think about online news-casting just like a fourth kind of news-casting, close to radio, TV and printed announcing. They contend that the job of an online writer isn't restricted to duplicating text onto sites, however that they additionally produce their own substance, similarly as would a standard columnist. Therefore, the analysts accept that reporting is accepted to be fundamentally the same as some other sort of news coverage. (Bardoel Deuze, 2001) Moreover, they support that internet detailing contains qualities which are normally inexistent in prevailing press. Intuitiveness, customisation of substance, hypertextuality and multimediality are supposed to be the attributes which add to the peculiarity of this sort of reporting. Thus, the central procedures to be specific creation, substance and appropriation, which were done utilizing a few medium, should now be possible through just a single stage. (Bardoel Deuze, 2001) Intuitiveness is portrayed by Brent Muirhead (2005) as being identified with correspondence, support and criticism. This element is one of the significant powers of online reporting. It permits space for crowds to respond to things distributed on the web. Be it as remarks, evaluations, votes, pools, likes or offers for example, perusers have gotten receptive. Supporting this view, Briggs shows that perusers are not any more aloof. Rather, they wish to make, offer and remark, and hope to have the option to do this on news sites also. It may be favorable for the correspondent to advance intelligence. Initially, empowering the remarks choices on new sites will welcome perusers reactions, which the columnist may consider while composing his next piece. Besides, perusers regularly wish to contact columnists to share their gratefulness, or to give news as sources. For this situation, setting email connects close to reports may be useful. Then again, Briggs urges writers to be proactive. He expresses that it is important to look for criticism on stories, before being distributed. This should be possible by presenting an approach perusers by sending messages to a rundown of expected respondents. On the off chance that general remarks are required for a story, the writer advices to send square messages to however many perusers as could be expected under the circumstances to acquire exploitable reactions. In his investigation, Briggs further features the utilization of new media as contemporary apparatuses. He expresses the instance of John Cook, a notable business columnist for the Seattle Post-Intelligencer. The last guaranteed being a concentrated client of RSS channels, and utilized them to follow and acquire data in an all the more opportune way. (Briggs, 2007) This thusly, permitted him to distribute data online rapidly. Reporting quality and efficiency New media has brought different expert fields, including reporting, to a fresh out of the box new level. In the Mauritian setting, through a study, the National Computer Board (NCB) had the option to produce a rundown of business segments which recorded most elevated web utilization in the nation. The last exhibits that the capacity and correspondence segment includes close by those divisions which utilize the web broadly, consequently suggesting the immediate contribution of the news coverage area. (ICT Usage Survey 2001: An overview on the ICT selection of organizations in Mauritius, 2002) Contingent upon a media houses publication strategy, it may be willing to either lay em

The Museum Of African American History Essay Example For Students

The Museum Of African American History Essay This exploration paper will talk about the shows of both Detroit Historical Museum (DHM) and the Wright Museum of African American History (WM) and decipher the experienceâ as a first time guest (myself yet with some information from the course) with no earlier information on Underground Railroad (UGRR). This basic investigation will assess the DHM and WM projects and shows regarding their purpose just as their capacity to introduce realities and materials in reasonable way to a first time guest. It will likewise contact a piece on themes talked about in task sheet - the general impact of gallery advancing the genuine information on Underground Railroad. Proposals to gallery to improve public’s comprehension of the subject and furthermore Blights question â€Å"keeping the long view. Anyway this exploration is centered more around the experience of the first run through guest with practically no earlier information. The accompanying pages will investigate more on the basic issue of learning and information on Underground Railroad through the verifiable realities and show of every exhibition hall and its impact on overall population. There are a wide range of meanings of exhibition hall yet will state one here from the most well-known site to get to Wikipedia. â€Å"An establishment that thinks about (moderates) an assortment of articles and different objects of science, masterful, social or authentic significance, and makes them accessible for open review through displays, that might be changeless, or temporary.† (www.wikipedia.org) As a first time guest you will presumably not discover the vast majority of the catchphrases like articles, items and assortment in DHM or WH exhibition hall of chronicled centrality comparable to Underground Railroad and incredibly yet was the explanation of achievement of Underground Railroad. Underground Railroad A system of mystery courses and safe houses utilized by the runaway captives of African plummet in United States to get away to Canada or northern Free states with the assistance of abolitionists dark or white who accepted servitude wasn't right. UGRR was the first thoughtful right development in Quite a while and has an extraordinary achievement rate because of its cryptic nature. It carried a large number of dark balms to opportunity. UGRR development was fruitful to the point that it terrified the slave proprietors and the congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. This permitted the slave proprietors to re catch their slaves however this shed all the more light to the merciless states of the southern captives to north and prompted Civil War. All the force given to slave proprietors despite everything couldn't stop this common right development. Rather an ever increasing number of individuals from various strict gatherings like Baptists, Methodists, Quakers, began supporting UGRR with the conviction that men are equivalent according to god. Numerous whites helped the slaved blacks fled to opportunity. John Rankin and Levi Coffin are some well known Christians who held a great deal in UGRR development. Free Blacks like Harriet Tubman the legend of UGRR subsequent to getting away from herself, helped get away from numerous other dark slaves. John Parker, William Still are not many different well known individuals of a similar organization who helped get away from many dark slaves by taking a chance with their life over and over. As UGRR was a mystery and shown in both the galleries displays, along these lines will investigate and talk about how this chronicled information is introduced. Both the historical centers have their shows shown in exceptionally proficient way in view of subtleties of specific goals. Be that as it may, in the wake of taking the Underground Railroad course itself and having earlier information despite the fact that the first run through guest my experience was distinctive then what I expected and the experience of first time guest with no earlier information would be considerably progressively extraordinary. Presently, further conversation depends on first time guest with no information and first time guest with some information as correlation for both the historical center. African American History in America EssayAlthough Detroit historical center was as yet fruitful in giving the necessary experience by portraying an account of excursion to north through helping impacts, sounds â€Å"†¦psst†¦here† being a model. They utilized some visuals however for the most part the bulletins with significant data that identifies with the threats of the excursion. This show was effective in showing both the terrible states of the slaves and the mysterious idea of the excursion, the notable individuals included intensive the section show they made and the notices. All the data is on the dividers as cards with not many yet viable words portraying everything from the hopeless states of the slaves, their excursion as out of control slaves, sort of instruments they utilized â€Å"The North star† and adequately delineated their excursion and the accomplishment of arriving at the Promised Land-Canada. At the point when you begin to investigate the display after not many advances it takes you to the total dimness with woody smell and stirring of leaves is the thing that everything you can hear. This caused me to feel like an outlaw slave. I envisioned myself as outlaw slave fleeing from my lord towards opportunity yet with no thought where to go aside from follow the drinking gourd north to the guarantee land, searching for the North Star up in the sky brimming with haziness. I finished the show feeling a scope of feelings. Perusing the bulletins long the side with guidelines and hearing the sounds caused me to feel like I am criminal slave fleeing to opportunity looking for help of complete outsiders training me how a protected house looks and when to get in †â€Å"†¦when you draw near to next town, you’ll see a white farmhouse with blue entryway. Boots will be on patio, if pointing left it’s undependable if pointing right, it’s safe. Go to the seco ndary passage, you will discover food, and might be a bed for night. Great luck.†(Placard, Doorway to Freedom, DHM). Comparable notices additionally portraying how criminal slaves crossed stream Jordan and arrived at Canada-Promised Land. There were things like concrete mile markers, feed packs all conventional in nature yet were things found in 1850 in numerous humble communities. This gave me the sentiment of being on some homestead or unassuming community. The show has the legendry names and places accessible to from the UGRR. This spot was not even a large portion of the size of the Wright Museum yet to me gave same cryptic experience of UGRR that Wright historical center had been missing. Albeit both exhibition hall don’t have any showcase on the legends like Harriet Tubman and doesn’t notice much about the commitments of white individuals in UGRR development is small frustrating to me yet in general Detroit historical center gave me the experience another guest would need to comprehend UGRR. To my conviction keeping the long view by Blight intended to remember the battle of the UGRR development and individuals included and never fall back in the shackles of bigotry. Learning and contemplating UGRR should mean remember consistently the moral and virtues and treat each other with fairness and regard paying little mind to religion, race or shading. The genuine exercise Blight needs us to comprehend by keeping long view is to be lenient, receptive and moral all careful our lives. Book reference: Detroit Historical Museum: Placard, Doorway to Freedom Detroit Historical Museum: Content advancement Brochure www.detroithistrorical.org www.ugrronline.com www.wikipedia.org www.wright.org

Worlds Top 10 Youngest Billionaires

Worlds Top 10 Youngest Billionaires Making a million is tough. But making a billion? Simply insane!And when you consider achieving this feat at a young age, it becomes even more admirable. And thats why there are only a few people who have been able to achieve this feat.Even though people say money doesnt define you, its safe to say these are a special set of people. In the sense that theyve achieved what most people are trying and failing to do.You may ask: how young are we talking here? And that would be an excellent question.Because the word “young” is subjective. For instance, young means different things to a 60-year-old man and a 15-year-old boy.Regardless of how you define young, these billionaires fit that definition especially when you make comparisons to other billionaires.Heck, some people at these ages are still trying to go through college or pay student loans. So for someone at this age to become a billionaire, you have to say kudos.Of course, while talking about young billionaires, we cant help but mention Mark Zuckerberg. He became the youngest self-made billionaire at the age of 23.He became the image of the young tech CEO. Although, you have to admit that Facebooks popularity also helped Marks popularity as the companys CEO.This year, in 2019, Kylie Jenner has usurped Mark Zuckerberg to become the youngest self-made billionaire ever at the age of 21. This is according to Forbes Billionaires latest rankings.TYPES OF BILLIONAIRESAs you already know, theres no single way to the market. And the same thing applies to being a billionaire.How do people become billionaires? There are 2 major ways:Inherited: if you find yourself in a billionaire family, then youll become a billionaire if your parent(s) decide to will their wealth to you. I mean how many people dont want to be in this shoe? Its like you dont have a choice but to be a billionaire.Self-made: these are people who created businesses and grow them until their stake in the business is worth a billion. Another way of puttin g it is that this is first-generation wealth.In some cases, a person can inherit a level of wealth and grow it remarkably. Having said these, who are the worlds top 10 youngest billionaires right now.Lets dive into the list from the oldest to the youngest.10. Patrick CollisonPatrick is an Irish entrepreneur popularly known as Stripe’s co-founder. He founded the company with his younger brother John Collison in 2010.Stripe builds software that helps businesses with websites and apps to receive payments directly to their bank accounts.Patrick had gained fame by winning the 41st Young Scientist and Technology Exhibition at the age of 16 in 2005. In 2007, Patrick and his brother formed a software company Shuppa which later became Auctomatic.He dropped out of Massachusetts Institute of Technology to take on this project.In March 2008, they sold this company and the two brothers first became millionaires. The two brothers founded Stripe in 2010 and were backed by Elon Musk, Peter Thiel, and Sequoia Capital.The companys first payment was processed when the brothers went on a vacation to South America. Patrick claims the company had about 100 customers before it launched officially.In 2016, Stripe got a $150 million funding from CapitalG, Google’s investment division, and General Catalyst Partners. This raised Stripe’s valuation to $9.2 billion and the brothers became billionaires with a worth of $1.1 billion.In September 2018, Stripe received $245 million in funding to raise the companys evaluation to $20.25 billion.This also lifted Patrick and Johns net worth to $2.1 billion. Patrick likes to cycle and does this in his spare time. He has also compared cycling to running a company where its never easier but you have to get faster.Patrick was born on September 9, 1988, at Dromineer, County Tipperary, Ireland. He is currently 30 years old and has a net worth of $2.1 billion. This puts Patrick at number 1116 on the Forbes billionaires list.9. Jonathan KwokJonathan inherited his wealth from his late father, Walter Kwok. Walter was the chairman of the largest developer in Hong Kong, Sun Hung Kai Properties.However, Walter was ousted as chairman in 2008 as a result of a feud with his brothers Raymond and Thomas.This led to him starting another property developer named Empire Group Holdings in 2014.When Walter died in 2018 at the age of 68, Jonathan and his brother, Geoffrey, took over their father’s company. They also inherited their father’s 7.3% stake in SHKP.Jonathan studies Business Administration at Cornell University and is a citizen of Hong Kong.He’s currently 30 and has a net worth of $2.5 billion. His wealth puts him at number 916 on the Forbes billionaires list for 2019. Apart from that, this puts him at number 15 in Hong Kong.8. Anna KasprzakAnna inherited her wealth from ECCO, the Danish shoe manufacturer founded by her late grandfather, Karl Toosbuy, in 1963. ECCO is an international company with its products sold in 90 count ries in more than 2,200 ECCO shops and on their website.Apart from being a billionaire, Anna is a dressage rider. And she even competed in the last Olympics in Brazil where she ranked 14th. She also has a private dressage barn in Haderslev, Denmark, where she lives.She’s currently 29 years old and has a net worth of $1 billion. This puts her at number 2057 on the Forbes billionaires list.7. Ludwig Theodor BraunBraun inherited a 10% stake in B. Braun Melsungen. This is a medical device company which was founded in 1839.Some of their products include surgical instruments and injection solutions.His father, Ludwig Georg Braun took over the company in 1977 and improved sales from $24 million when he took over to $8 billion now. The company also now boasts of 60,000 employees around the world.Braun’s stake in the company is worth $1 billion. Currently, Braun is 29 years old.Hes a German who resides in Melsungen, Germany. His wealth puts him at number 2057 in the Forbes billionaires r ankings.6. Evan SpiegelEven if you don’t have a Snapchat account, I’m sure you’ve heard about this social media app. It allows people to send messages that self-deletes after it’s received by the recipient.The idea started in 2011 when Spiegel proposed an app with temporary messaging for a product design project.His classmates didnt buy into this idea but Spiegel worked on a prototype with his classmates that would later be his co-founders.The app was initially named Picaboo but later renamed to Snapchat. When the idea picked up with users, Spiegel left Stanford before the end of his degree to focus on Snapchat. This was to improve the app to drive more users and revenue for the company.In 2017, Snapchat had its IPO with Spiegel and his co-founders having 45% of the stock and 70% of the voting power. Snapchat has gained millions of users over the years. For instance, the app had 186 million daily users in Q3 of 2018.The company has also attracted young people as 71% of its u sers are 34 or below. And these people are not just present on these platforms, they also visit it multiple times daily. This means they can capture the new set of online audience for years. And with the increase in users, the company’s evaluation has also risen.Evan Spiegel is one of the co-founders and the CEO of Snap Inc, the company responsible for the app. He co-founded the company with his classmates at Stanford University, Bobby Murphy and Reggie Brown.Evan was born on June 4, 1990, at Los Angeles, California, in the United States.Currently, Evan is 28 years old and his stake in the company is worth a cool $2.1 billion. This gives Spiegel a rank of 1116 on the Forbes billionaires list.5. John CollisonJohn co-founded Stripe with his elder brother Patrick in 2010. But before then, he went back for his Irish Leaving Certificate examination after Auctomatic was acquired for $5 million in 2008.He had 8 A1 and 2 A2 grades in this examination. He began his Physics degree at Harvar d University in September 2009. He later dropped out to focus on Stripe.With big customers like Lyft and Facebook, the company has a big reputation in Silicon Valley. Apart from being a tech entrepreneur, John is also a licensed pilot and fly planes in his free time.He’s currently 28 and has a net worth of $2.1 billion. This puts John at number 1116 on the Forbes billionaires list.Likewise, he comes in at number 15 on the list of Americas richest entrepreneurs under 40. He currently resides in San Francisco, California, U.S.4. Gustav Magnar WitzoeHe’s one of the 3 Norwegians on this list and owns up to half of Salmar ASA. This is a company that produces salmon.The company was founded in 1991 by Gustav Magar Sr and has grown to be one of the biggest producers of salmon in the world. This was achieved due to the companys lead in industrialization of fish farming to increase its margins.Over the years, fish farming has become one of the biggest industries in Norway. For instance, S almar alone harvest almost 130,000 tons of salmon in 2016.This stock was released to him by his father in 2013. Although his father still runs the company, Witzoe also invests in tech startups and real estate. He lives in Kverva Norway.He’s currently 25 years old and has a net worth of $3 billion. His wealth puts him at number 745 on the Forbes billionaires list.3. Katharina AndresenKatharina is a daughter of the Norwegian businessman, Johan H. Andresen. Along with her sister, Alexandra, she received 42% ownership of their father’s company Ferd.This is a Norwegian investment company that operates a hedge fund and invest in the Nordic stock exchange.The company owns stakes in finance, manufacturing, and tech firms. The family is also popular for their tobacco brand which they sold in 2005.Katharina worked as an accounting intern for three days a week at Ernst Young in Oslo while working on projects for the family business and women in business.At the same time, she was studying social sciences at Amsterdam University College.Katharina was in the news in 2017 after she was found to be driving under the influence at Tony ski resort Hafjell.She was found to be driving 3 times the legal limit. This led to a fine of $32,000, 18 days of imprisonment and 13-month license suspension.She’s currently 23 and has a net worth of $1.4 billion. This puts her at number 1605 on the Forbes billionaires list.2. Alexandra AndresenAlexandra received 42% ownership of her father’s company, Ferd, along with her sister. She held the title of the youngest billionaire for 3 years till this year when Kylie Jenner has assumed that throne.Apart from being one of the worlds youngest billionaires, she participates in dressage riding.In fact, shes a three-time junior Norwegian champion in dressage riding. Shes sponsored by Kingsland and Samshield, providers of riding gears.She’s currently 22 and has a net worth of $1.4 billion. Alexandra maintains the same rank as her sister and the y both reside in Oslo, Norway.1. Kylie JennerKylie is the youngest on this list. And not only that. She’s also the most popular. This is probably due to the Kardashians. This is one of the most popular families in the fashion industry for many years now.Kylie first gained popularity for starring in the blockbuster show “Keeping up with the Kardashians” since 2007.Her first piece of business was collaborating with PacSun in 2012 at the age of 14 to form a clothing line. This was done with her sister, Kendall, and the line was called “Kendall Kylie.”She has surpassed Mark Zuckerberg to be the youngest self-made billionaire. Kylie is still in the fashion industry although now as a businesswoman. She started Kylie Lip Kits in 2015 and later renamed the company to Kylie Cosmetics.This change was made in 2016 and the number of lip kits produced rose from 15,000 to 500,000.She also released a mobile app for the company and it reached the top position on the iTunes App Store.It w as reported that Kylie cosmetics made about $630 million in makeup sales. The company is worth $900 million according to Forbes and Jenner owns 100% of the stakes.Kylie has been able to market her business with her popularity. For instance, Kylie and her sister, Kendall, were listed as one of the most influential teens in the world in 2014 and 2015 by Time magazine.Likewise, she was featured in the Forbes Celebrity 100 list in 2017. She ranked number 59 as a result of making $41 million in the past year. As a result of that, she was the youngest celebrity on the list at 19.With over 129 million followers on Instagram, this is a platform where Kylie has been able to market her products. In fact, she has her own television series on E! called “Life of Kylie.”Admirably, despite being one of the youngest members of the Kardashian family, she’s now the richest.She’s currently 21 and has a net worth of $1 billion. She’s also getting featured on Forbes billionaire list for the fi rst time at number 2057.Although some have claimed that her wealth is not self-made due to her background, she claimed none of her wealth is inherited.CONCLUSIONThere are many ways to be a billionaire. But whatever way you go about it, its never an easy task to maintain this position.Whether you become a billionaire as self-made or you inherit your billions, it takes a lot of discipline and effort to maintain your position as a billionaire.Because its possible for billions to turn into millions through wasteful spending and bad business decisions.In most cases, people who are billionaires dont have their billions in cash and a single piece of negative news could wipe billions off their net worth in the stock market.Take as an example, Mark Zuckerberg once lost $20 billion out of his net worth in a few days due to Facebook privacy issues. This issue affected the company stocks negatively and in turn affected Marks too.Another trend youll see among any billionaires list is that tech b illionaires are increasing in numbers. More people are making their money online due to the internets popularity.The internet is one of the latest gold mines around and if youre looking for an opportunity to make your first billion, a groundbreaking idea on the internet could be your fast track.Having said that, doing traditional businesses is still bringing in billions. As you can see from this list, tech billionaires dominate with 3 out of 10.But the other 7 are from traditional businesses like shoes, cosmetics, fishing, property development, etc.Therefore, theres probably a way to make your billions from the work you currently do. If youre able to scale it to a big company.

Worlds Top 10 Youngest Billionaires

Worlds Top 10 Youngest Billionaires Making a million is tough. But making a billion? Simply insane!And when you consider achieving this feat at a young age, it becomes even more admirable. And thats why there are only a few people who have been able to achieve this feat.Even though people say money doesnt define you, its safe to say these are a special set of people. In the sense that theyve achieved what most people are trying and failing to do.You may ask: how young are we talking here? And that would be an excellent question.Because the word “young” is subjective. For instance, young means different things to a 60-year-old man and a 15-year-old boy.Regardless of how you define young, these billionaires fit that definition especially when you make comparisons to other billionaires.Heck, some people at these ages are still trying to go through college or pay student loans. So for someone at this age to become a billionaire, you have to say kudos.Of course, while talking about young billionaires, we cant help but mention Mark Zuckerberg. He became the youngest self-made billionaire at the age of 23.He became the image of the young tech CEO. Although, you have to admit that Facebooks popularity also helped Marks popularity as the companys CEO.This year, in 2019, Kylie Jenner has usurped Mark Zuckerberg to become the youngest self-made billionaire ever at the age of 21. This is according to Forbes Billionaires latest rankings.TYPES OF BILLIONAIRESAs you already know, theres no single way to the market. And the same thing applies to being a billionaire.How do people become billionaires? There are 2 major ways:Inherited: if you find yourself in a billionaire family, then youll become a billionaire if your parent(s) decide to will their wealth to you. I mean how many people dont want to be in this shoe? Its like you dont have a choice but to be a billionaire.Self-made: these are people who created businesses and grow them until their stake in the business is worth a billion. Another way of puttin g it is that this is first-generation wealth.In some cases, a person can inherit a level of wealth and grow it remarkably. Having said these, who are the worlds top 10 youngest billionaires right now.Lets dive into the list from the oldest to the youngest.10. Patrick CollisonPatrick is an Irish entrepreneur popularly known as Stripe’s co-founder. He founded the company with his younger brother John Collison in 2010.Stripe builds software that helps businesses with websites and apps to receive payments directly to their bank accounts.Patrick had gained fame by winning the 41st Young Scientist and Technology Exhibition at the age of 16 in 2005. In 2007, Patrick and his brother formed a software company Shuppa which later became Auctomatic.He dropped out of Massachusetts Institute of Technology to take on this project.In March 2008, they sold this company and the two brothers first became millionaires. The two brothers founded Stripe in 2010 and were backed by Elon Musk, Peter Thiel, and Sequoia Capital.The companys first payment was processed when the brothers went on a vacation to South America. Patrick claims the company had about 100 customers before it launched officially.In 2016, Stripe got a $150 million funding from CapitalG, Google’s investment division, and General Catalyst Partners. This raised Stripe’s valuation to $9.2 billion and the brothers became billionaires with a worth of $1.1 billion.In September 2018, Stripe received $245 million in funding to raise the companys evaluation to $20.25 billion.This also lifted Patrick and Johns net worth to $2.1 billion. Patrick likes to cycle and does this in his spare time. He has also compared cycling to running a company where its never easier but you have to get faster.Patrick was born on September 9, 1988, at Dromineer, County Tipperary, Ireland. He is currently 30 years old and has a net worth of $2.1 billion. This puts Patrick at number 1116 on the Forbes billionaires list.9. Jonathan KwokJonathan inherited his wealth from his late father, Walter Kwok. Walter was the chairman of the largest developer in Hong Kong, Sun Hung Kai Properties.However, Walter was ousted as chairman in 2008 as a result of a feud with his brothers Raymond and Thomas.This led to him starting another property developer named Empire Group Holdings in 2014.When Walter died in 2018 at the age of 68, Jonathan and his brother, Geoffrey, took over their father’s company. They also inherited their father’s 7.3% stake in SHKP.Jonathan studies Business Administration at Cornell University and is a citizen of Hong Kong.He’s currently 30 and has a net worth of $2.5 billion. His wealth puts him at number 916 on the Forbes billionaires list for 2019. Apart from that, this puts him at number 15 in Hong Kong.8. Anna KasprzakAnna inherited her wealth from ECCO, the Danish shoe manufacturer founded by her late grandfather, Karl Toosbuy, in 1963. ECCO is an international company with its products sold in 90 count ries in more than 2,200 ECCO shops and on their website.Apart from being a billionaire, Anna is a dressage rider. And she even competed in the last Olympics in Brazil where she ranked 14th. She also has a private dressage barn in Haderslev, Denmark, where she lives.She’s currently 29 years old and has a net worth of $1 billion. This puts her at number 2057 on the Forbes billionaires list.7. Ludwig Theodor BraunBraun inherited a 10% stake in B. Braun Melsungen. This is a medical device company which was founded in 1839.Some of their products include surgical instruments and injection solutions.His father, Ludwig Georg Braun took over the company in 1977 and improved sales from $24 million when he took over to $8 billion now. The company also now boasts of 60,000 employees around the world.Braun’s stake in the company is worth $1 billion. Currently, Braun is 29 years old.Hes a German who resides in Melsungen, Germany. His wealth puts him at number 2057 in the Forbes billionaires r ankings.6. Evan SpiegelEven if you don’t have a Snapchat account, I’m sure you’ve heard about this social media app. It allows people to send messages that self-deletes after it’s received by the recipient.The idea started in 2011 when Spiegel proposed an app with temporary messaging for a product design project.His classmates didnt buy into this idea but Spiegel worked on a prototype with his classmates that would later be his co-founders.The app was initially named Picaboo but later renamed to Snapchat. When the idea picked up with users, Spiegel left Stanford before the end of his degree to focus on Snapchat. This was to improve the app to drive more users and revenue for the company.In 2017, Snapchat had its IPO with Spiegel and his co-founders having 45% of the stock and 70% of the voting power. Snapchat has gained millions of users over the years. For instance, the app had 186 million daily users in Q3 of 2018.The company has also attracted young people as 71% of its u sers are 34 or below. And these people are not just present on these platforms, they also visit it multiple times daily. This means they can capture the new set of online audience for years. And with the increase in users, the company’s evaluation has also risen.Evan Spiegel is one of the co-founders and the CEO of Snap Inc, the company responsible for the app. He co-founded the company with his classmates at Stanford University, Bobby Murphy and Reggie Brown.Evan was born on June 4, 1990, at Los Angeles, California, in the United States.Currently, Evan is 28 years old and his stake in the company is worth a cool $2.1 billion. This gives Spiegel a rank of 1116 on the Forbes billionaires list.5. John CollisonJohn co-founded Stripe with his elder brother Patrick in 2010. But before then, he went back for his Irish Leaving Certificate examination after Auctomatic was acquired for $5 million in 2008.He had 8 A1 and 2 A2 grades in this examination. He began his Physics degree at Harvar d University in September 2009. He later dropped out to focus on Stripe.With big customers like Lyft and Facebook, the company has a big reputation in Silicon Valley. Apart from being a tech entrepreneur, John is also a licensed pilot and fly planes in his free time.He’s currently 28 and has a net worth of $2.1 billion. This puts John at number 1116 on the Forbes billionaires list.Likewise, he comes in at number 15 on the list of Americas richest entrepreneurs under 40. He currently resides in San Francisco, California, U.S.4. Gustav Magnar WitzoeHe’s one of the 3 Norwegians on this list and owns up to half of Salmar ASA. This is a company that produces salmon.The company was founded in 1991 by Gustav Magar Sr and has grown to be one of the biggest producers of salmon in the world. This was achieved due to the companys lead in industrialization of fish farming to increase its margins.Over the years, fish farming has become one of the biggest industries in Norway. For instance, S almar alone harvest almost 130,000 tons of salmon in 2016.This stock was released to him by his father in 2013. Although his father still runs the company, Witzoe also invests in tech startups and real estate. He lives in Kverva Norway.He’s currently 25 years old and has a net worth of $3 billion. His wealth puts him at number 745 on the Forbes billionaires list.3. Katharina AndresenKatharina is a daughter of the Norwegian businessman, Johan H. Andresen. Along with her sister, Alexandra, she received 42% ownership of their father’s company Ferd.This is a Norwegian investment company that operates a hedge fund and invest in the Nordic stock exchange.The company owns stakes in finance, manufacturing, and tech firms. The family is also popular for their tobacco brand which they sold in 2005.Katharina worked as an accounting intern for three days a week at Ernst Young in Oslo while working on projects for the family business and women in business.At the same time, she was studying social sciences at Amsterdam University College.Katharina was in the news in 2017 after she was found to be driving under the influence at Tony ski resort Hafjell.She was found to be driving 3 times the legal limit. This led to a fine of $32,000, 18 days of imprisonment and 13-month license suspension.She’s currently 23 and has a net worth of $1.4 billion. This puts her at number 1605 on the Forbes billionaires list.2. Alexandra AndresenAlexandra received 42% ownership of her father’s company, Ferd, along with her sister. She held the title of the youngest billionaire for 3 years till this year when Kylie Jenner has assumed that throne.Apart from being one of the worlds youngest billionaires, she participates in dressage riding.In fact, shes a three-time junior Norwegian champion in dressage riding. Shes sponsored by Kingsland and Samshield, providers of riding gears.She’s currently 22 and has a net worth of $1.4 billion. Alexandra maintains the same rank as her sister and the y both reside in Oslo, Norway.1. Kylie JennerKylie is the youngest on this list. And not only that. She’s also the most popular. This is probably due to the Kardashians. This is one of the most popular families in the fashion industry for many years now.Kylie first gained popularity for starring in the blockbuster show “Keeping up with the Kardashians” since 2007.Her first piece of business was collaborating with PacSun in 2012 at the age of 14 to form a clothing line. This was done with her sister, Kendall, and the line was called “Kendall Kylie.”She has surpassed Mark Zuckerberg to be the youngest self-made billionaire. Kylie is still in the fashion industry although now as a businesswoman. She started Kylie Lip Kits in 2015 and later renamed the company to Kylie Cosmetics.This change was made in 2016 and the number of lip kits produced rose from 15,000 to 500,000.She also released a mobile app for the company and it reached the top position on the iTunes App Store.It w as reported that Kylie cosmetics made about $630 million in makeup sales. The company is worth $900 million according to Forbes and Jenner owns 100% of the stakes.Kylie has been able to market her business with her popularity. For instance, Kylie and her sister, Kendall, were listed as one of the most influential teens in the world in 2014 and 2015 by Time magazine.Likewise, she was featured in the Forbes Celebrity 100 list in 2017. She ranked number 59 as a result of making $41 million in the past year. As a result of that, she was the youngest celebrity on the list at 19.With over 129 million followers on Instagram, this is a platform where Kylie has been able to market her products. In fact, she has her own television series on E! called “Life of Kylie.”Admirably, despite being one of the youngest members of the Kardashian family, she’s now the richest.She’s currently 21 and has a net worth of $1 billion. She’s also getting featured on Forbes billionaire list for the fi rst time at number 2057.Although some have claimed that her wealth is not self-made due to her background, she claimed none of her wealth is inherited.CONCLUSIONThere are many ways to be a billionaire. But whatever way you go about it, its never an easy task to maintain this position.Whether you become a billionaire as self-made or you inherit your billions, it takes a lot of discipline and effort to maintain your position as a billionaire.Because its possible for billions to turn into millions through wasteful spending and bad business decisions.In most cases, people who are billionaires dont have their billions in cash and a single piece of negative news could wipe billions off their net worth in the stock market.Take as an example, Mark Zuckerberg once lost $20 billion out of his net worth in a few days due to Facebook privacy issues. This issue affected the company stocks negatively and in turn affected Marks too.Another trend youll see among any billionaires list is that tech b illionaires are increasing in numbers. More people are making their money online due to the internets popularity.The internet is one of the latest gold mines around and if youre looking for an opportunity to make your first billion, a groundbreaking idea on the internet could be your fast track.Having said that, doing traditional businesses is still bringing in billions. As you can see from this list, tech billionaires dominate with 3 out of 10.But the other 7 are from traditional businesses like shoes, cosmetics, fishing, property development, etc.Therefore, theres probably a way to make your billions from the work you currently do. If youre able to scale it to a big company.

Is Model Minority A Bane Or Benefit Essay - 2188 Words

Stella Xu 1 Is Model Minority a bane or benefit Model minority is a myth that prescribes the Asian-descent group as intelligent, diligent and family-oriented. Appraising the community as highly gifted in science and rich in financial base, the Whites appeal other races to learn from them. However, as a saying goes, â€Å"all is not gold that glitters.† The titles of â€Å"doctors† or â€Å"triumphant† are so enticing that may cover up the damages beneath it. The myth is indeed more of a bane than a benefit, especially when you consider the four influences it brings to the Asian minority: it integrates the group as a whole, evading people’s identity; it acts as a measurement and anyone who do not meet the expectations are labeled as failures; it puts quotas on both the education and the employment for Asian people, making them extremely difficult to get in good schools or get jobs with high salary, and finally it unfairly discriminates other minority races by implying they are lazy and stupid. Homogenised people conflict with identities The misunderstanding that Asian people are the same in terms of appearance, cultural background and academical interests consolidates the myth that all the Asian-descent people should be talented in specific field, therefore is ignorant to the fact that each of them is distinct and has contrasted identity. 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Video Game Technologys Negative Effects on the Next...

Video Game Technologys Negative Effects on the Next Generation Video Games made their first appearance in the 1970’s however did not develop popularity until the 1980’s. By the end of that decade, video games had become a preferred childhood leisure activity; psychologists urged many with the concerns of the ill effects of video games. â€Å" Even The military has long been aware of some of the side effects of video games†¦ Some of the best fighter pilots in the world grew up playing these games.† (Sullivan) Primitive video game research proved inconclusive on the overall effects of video games. Video games provide positive effects including a friendly method to introduce children to computers and may increase children’s hand-eye†¦show more content†¦Secondly violence, another suggestive theme also contributes to societies major concerns about video games. â€Å"Advanced improvement in the presentation of the games comes an increased use of the technology to present extremely violent, bloody, and sexually explicit game scenarios.† (Duckett)Violence has gone from simple games like space invaders, and packman to present day games such as Mortal Kombat, Grand Theft Auto 1-3, Quake III and many other games where violence, blood, and death are prominent themes. The demand for violence is not because male children choose to witness it, but because males are looking for beneficial role models, which they find in these games. (Clark, 1993) Playing games such as these can increase a person’s aggressive thoughts and feelings under both laboratory settings and real life. 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Importance Of Interpersonal Communication - 1539 Words

Interpersonal communication is a face-to-face interaction, something we all do in our daily lives. Even though everyone communicates, we all do it differently and at different degrees of experiences. Not everyone will be perfectionists at communicating and socializing, but there is always room for improvement to slowly build your way up and become more efficient and competent. If you are anything like me, I consider myself an advanced communicator under certain circumstances. I tend to communicate and am more talkative in a smaller environment. For example, I am more comfortable conversing with one other individual or in a small group than I am with a big crowd or in big classes. I will talk more and be more interested in the conversation†¦show more content†¦Three goals that fall under effectiveness include self-presentation, instrumental, and relationship. Self-presentation refers to how one presents self in a certain way for a certain situation. The goal is to present one self in a way you want others to make of you. Another goal is instrumental which relates to practical aims or desires. For example, if an individual’s aim is trying to borrow money from someone else, that would be considered an instrumental goal. The last goal mentioned is relationship which deals with a specific relationship an individual makes with another person. There are three main points involving a healthy relationship. The first point features how one initiates or establishes the relationship, which is essentially the easiest first step to do. The next point requires a slight effort from both parties to maintain a relationship with one another. The third and final point is deciding whether to stay or terminate the relationship. This last goal achievement is crucial because you want to keep all healthy relationships and dispose of any unhealthy ones. Appropriateness, the last component, refers to people’s reaction matching up to the different situation, culture, and relationship expectations (Comm 1500 workbook, 2017). A type of appropriateness includes self-monitoring which is simply a self observation. 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My interpersonal communication is solely based on my self-concept, self-image, how I perceive myself, my bad and good qualities, and my non-verbal communication. My expectations about myself or my self-concept influences how I communicate with othersRead MoreThe Importance Of Interpersonal Communication1032 Words   |  5 PagesCommunication is the behaviours, whether they be verbal or non-verbal, that one individual perceives from another (Judith Dwyer, 2016). The efficient communication between a sender and receiver plays a crucial role between organisations and personal use as it allows us as communicators, to comprehend the fundamentals and processes which flow from the sender, to the receiver to ensure a dynamic and clear communication is achieved. 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Financial Planning and Forecasting free essay sample

We have also provided comprehensive documentation on the templates so that you do not need to guess or figure out how we implemented the models. All our template models are only in black and white color. We believe this is how a professional financial template should look like and also that this is the easiest way for you to understand and use the templates. All the input fields are marked with the ‘*’ symbol for you to identify them easily. Whether you are a financial analyst, investment banker or accounting personnel. Or whether you are a student aspiring to join the finance world or an entrepreneur needing to understand finance, we hope that you will find this package useful as we have spent our best effort and a lot of time in developing them. ConnectCode Pg iii Financial Planning and Forecasting Version 1. 0 1. 1. 1 Financial Planning and Forecasting Pro Forma Financial Statements Financial statements projections and forecasting are very common in corporate financial analysis. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Planning and Forecasting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The reason is that it is very useful and important to forecast how much financing a company will require in future years. The projections are achieved by using historical sales, accounting data and assumptions on future sales and costs. These financial statements projections are known financial modeling as Pro Forma financial statements. 1. 2 Financial Statements Modeling This spreadsheet provides a template for financial statements forecasting. It requires simple financial statements inputs from the past 5 years and will automatically generate all the necessary Pro Forma Financial Statements projections outputs. The following diagram illustrates the process of using this template for financial statements forecasting.

British Prespective of the failure of the Albany Plan of Uni Essay Example

British Prespective of the failure of the Albany Plan of Uni Paper British officials and lawmakers today applauded the decision of the colonial assemblies to reject a colonial unity plan, the Albany plan of Union, of which they did not approve of. On a hot summer day in June of the year 1754 of our Lord, Benjamin Franklin, delegate to the colony of Pennsylvania and Massachusetts colony governor Thomas Hutchinson proposed and drafted a plan for uniting our thirteen colonies in North America, in the face of the coming war with France. Colonial delegates to the convention in Albany, New York accepted the plan and sent it to the colonial assemblies to approve, none of which did so, rightfully. Although, atfirst English officials had suggested a union between ye Royal, Proprietary Charter Governments, but later did not push for such a thing, for various reasons, as one senior British official put it. The plan called for the creation of new layers of government, including a president-general who would be appointed by the Crown and exercise broad powers o ver relationships with the Indians, making war and governing the frontier areas until new colonies were created. Also, a grand council was also to be created, in which members would be appointed by the existing colonial assemblies and whose representation would be determined by the amount of financial contribution (or taxes) paid to the organization. But ultimately the plan was rejected by all thirteen of the colonial assemblies and it would have been doubtful our Lord, King George III and royal officials in the colonies would have approved of such a preposterous consolidation of power in the American colonies.

Business Writing 101

Business Writing 101 Business Writing 101 Business Writing 101 By Ali Hale The term â€Å"business writing† covers any piece of writing produced in a business context. I’ll focus here on documents that are produced for internal use (such as memos and plans), and reports aimed at clients. Most jobs today involve a significant amount of writing, especially as you rise up the corporate ladder. Many of us find writing business documents a daunting process – and often procrastinate over it. This article should help you to gain confidence and to know where to start and how to progress. As with any forms of writing, your business writing will benefit if you follow the writing process (planning, drafting, revising, editing and publishing). Planning Your Business Writing Whatever the piece of writing you’re faced with – whether it’s an email to shareholders or a complex report – you should write a plan before you begin. In some cases, that plan will be very brief, perhaps a list of bullet points that you want to cover in your email. For longer documents, your plan may include: facts that you need to check or look up; a list of people whose input is required; the titles of sections or subsections; a list of illustrations or diagrams required. Having a plan means that you can â€Å"chunk† a large project into manageable sections. This is a good way to avoid feeling overwhelmed or stuck on your business writing. Structure Most companies will produce similar types of document on a regular basis. For example, a software company might produce an annual report to shareholders, a monthly newsletter for clients, and a new user guide each time a new software module is released. For each of these documents, your company should have a standard template. This not only saves a lot of work in formatting a new document each time – it provides you with a structure. If no templates exist (which is common if you are a member of a very small company, or if you work for yourself) use a previous example of the same type of document to create a template. When you have to come up with a structure from scratch, consider these possibilities: 1. Chronological Structure Some documents, especially short ones, are best structured chronologically (in order of time). A good example would be a work plan, stating what needs to be done each week for the next quarter. 2. Alphabetical Structure If you need to create a document which involves a large number of separate items, consider ordering it alphabetically (A – Z). This applies particularly to glossaries of terms. 3. Topic Structure In many cases, documents are best split into different topics or areas. For example, a Frequent Asked Questions page for your website could be divided into â€Å"about us†, â€Å"complaints† and â€Å"delivery†, with each section containing several questions related to that topic. Longer Business Documents When you produce a long and complex document such as a report, you should provide an overview at the start. This is often known as an â€Å"executive summary†. (You may also hear it called an â€Å"abstract†, â€Å"synopsis† or â€Å"overview†.) Here’s a ficticious example of an executive summary in a report by â€Å"Big Brother Corp† for their client â€Å"WidgetInc†. Note that a real executive summary would be longer and more detailed: The main objective of this report is to provide a detailed analysis of WidgetInc’s customer demographics. This was done using standard industry procedures (primarily telephone surveys of randomly-selected customers). Big Brother Corp found that 89% of WidgetInc’s customers are aged under 25, and that 63% are male. It is recommended that WidgetInc targets this segment by advertising on popular game and video websites. As well as providing an executive summary, long documents require: A table of contents Clearly-labelled sections and subsections, normally using a numbered structure Business Language and Style All business materials should be written in a clear, formal, professional way – but without using technical jargon or buzzwords. â€Å"Clear†, â€Å"formal† and â€Å"professional† means that you should avoid: Vague or ambiguous statements Jokes, humor, anecdotes and clichà ©s Unsubstantiated facts Slang or potentially offensive language You should also take care over your grammar, punctuation and spelling. Use your company’s style guide when you’re unsure about a particular point of language, layout or style. If a style guide doesn’t exist, create one. A couple of examples illustrating what you might include are: The word government should not be capitalized, unless it starts a sentence All titles, headings and subheadings should be in Title Case (You might decide differently on those points – the organization I worked for used sentence cases for titles, headings and subheadings, following the Guardian newspaper’s style guide.) Avoid padding out your document with impressive-sounding words that don’t say anything. Your writing should be concise and to the point – it shouldn’t involve waffling. In many cases, you will also include a title page, diagrams, appendices, footnotes and other supporting material. Using the Passive Voice The passive voice is used to avoid attributing an action to a specific subject (person or group). For example: The data was analyzed according to our protocols. Rather than: Joe analyzed the data according to our protocols.. In this case, it is probably appropriate to use the passive voice: the reader of the report is unlikely to need to know who analyzed the data – they just want to know that this was done. BusinessWriting.com suggests: Use passive voice when you do not know the actor, you want to hide the identity of the actor, or the actor is not important to the meaning of the sentence. However, the current trend in business writing is to use the passive voice sparingly, especially when communicating with customers. It can make a piece of business writing less engaging, and it can also seem evasive. Business Emails Much of the writing which you do during the business day will be in the form of emails. Many of these will be simple and straightforward, and you won’t necessarily need to plan them in detail. Even for short emails, you should: Write a clear subject line Write a clear subject line – and don’t forget to change the subject line if you’re replying to an email and introducing a different topic. Start with the person’s name, as you would with a letter – it can seem rude or abrupt to launch straight into the body of the email. Sign off with an appropriate closing such as â€Å"Best regards† or â€Å"Warm regards† and your name. In formal contexts where you are not already acquainted with the recipient, use â€Å"Yours sincerely† (or, if you don’t know the name of the recipient, â€Å"Yours faithfully†). Spell-check your email – errors don’t just make you look unprofessional, they can cause confusion, and waste time and resources. Be careful not to use jargon or acronyms unless you’re certain the recipient will understand them. This is particularly important for external communications, eg. with clients, customers or the media. Be familiar with basic email etiquette. Longer emails Keep your emails as succinct as possible, and consider sending an attachment or link to a webpage if you have a lot of information to convey. A good way to structure an email and to make it easy for the recipient to take in all the information is to use bold subheadings to separate sections on different topics. For example: Delivery dates We expect one article (text and image) to be delivered each week, by Wednesday noon. Images Please supply all images as .bmp files. They should be 600px by 400px, and should have a resolution of 300dpi or higher. Payment Invoice bob@widgetsinc.com on completion of work. If you’re sending a lengthy email, you may want to put a one- or two-line summary at the top. It’s also a good idea to make it very clear at the end of your email what action you want. State this clearly, and as a list if appropriate. For example: Could you please email me with: The latest date from Project X Your drafted report on Project Y The times and dates which you would be available to meet next week Remember that, even if your business writing is in the form of an email, you should be professional, polite and ensure that you have provided all the information which the recipient is likely to need. Check Out Other Articles from The Writing 101 Series: The Writing Process Creative Writing 101 Story Writing 101 Letter Writing 101 Business Writing 101 Freelance Writing 101 Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Incorrect Pronunciations That You Should AvoidEmail Etiquette5 Ways to Reduce Use of Prepositions

Critical thinking assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critical thinking assignment - Essay Example Conversely, soil in front of laboratory might have been used in forensic testing. The soil texture is compacted, which means that the soil has purity. The permeability of the soil could be measured during the chemical process. Basing on the soil’s texture, one can make conclusions concerning its composition (Orthmann and Hess 4). The physical properties to be assessed can also include weight, color, boiling point, and melting point of the soil. Compaction can be instrumental in determining the consistency in soil samples of the same origin. Observation of color change is necessary in an experiment that measures consistency in the samples of soils. The density gradient method assists in identifying an element found in the soil. In the experiment, a soil sample is placed in a cylinder containing solutions of varying densities. A band on the surface of the cylinder signifies the presence of elements in a soil sample. As such, the particles are suspended in between the solutions of different densities. Observation method can also be instrumental in detecting elements in the soil when the sample is dissolved in a solution. This information can be useful during a criminal investigation, as it assists in analyzing evidence in a crime

Native American Culture Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Native American Culture - Term Paper Example Native Americans wanted to control the environment and the human being or the supernatural beings that surrounded or threatened them. Particular articles were solely for religious uses, and some were for secular needs alone. Decorations did not always provide clues as to their uses; most of the religious articles were completely devoid of ornamentation. A few people used plain-ware bowls for food preparation, while others used polychrome bowls for the same purposes, yet under a different set of circumstances they could fulfill a religious function (Kuiper 176). The specific aim of the Indian artist was not just to set down realistic account but to form the semi-magical designs so universal in the art of non-Western cultures. Carvings paintings, effigies, or realistic portraits were not merely pictures of people or objects; they embodied the essence of that particular subjects as well. Native Americans often attached names to designs for convenience of people as it helped to avoid con fusion. Although the dissimilarities between the artistic languages of different times were immense, there were also similarities, for the borrowing of art forms from distant and occasionally foreign peoples was a common practice (Kuiper 181). Despite the similarities between the art of forms of different cultural groups and various cultural groups and dissimilar times, one cannot talk of Indian art as though it were on its own a concept. Just as there were numerous hundred native languages, dialects, and speech forms, so were there an equal number of tribal styles, motifs, and design forms. Aesthetics, or perceptions of beauty are among the most difficult concepts to identity in any Native American musical culture. Native Americans tended to evaluate performances according to the feelings of connectedness they generate rather than according to specifically musical qualities. Some communities judged the victory of a performance by how many people

Benefits of Seaweed Enhancement for Crop Growth

Benefits of Seaweed Enhancement for Crop Growth CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Background Soil enhancement with organic materials is a common component of soil fertility management for crop production, with the aim of providing essential plant nutrients and improving overall soil physical, chemical, and biological quality (Diacano and Montemurro, 2010). Marine macro-algae, or seaweed, has been historically used as a soil enhancement material, and may have application for modern agriculture as a low cost source of nutrient-rich biomass (Angus and Dargie, 2002; Cuomo et al., 1995). While seaweed compost and extract products have been widely evaluated for agricultural applications (Woznitza and Barrantes, 2005; Khan et al., 2010), evaluation of unprocessed seaweed biomass as an enhancement material is limited, particularly with regard to soil quality. Application of seaweed material may uniquely affect soil quality parameters as a result of its chemical characteristics, including carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) composition, and salt, sulfur (S), heavy metal, and trace element co ntent. In this study, the putative benefits of seaweed enhancement for crop growth and production were assessed on various crops in field experiment, including analysis of soil physical, biological, and chemical properties. 1.2 Historical use of seaweed in agriculture. In coastal regions, collection and application of seaweed is a traditional soil fertility management strategy, especially where agriculture relies on use of local resources (Cuomo et al., 1995). As a readily-available, low-cost material to supplement soil fertility, application of seaweed biomass is often an integral component of traditional, small-scale, diversified agriculture (Angus and Dargie, 2002). For instance, agriculture in the Machair region of the Scottish Outer Hebrides Islands involves a rotation-intensive system that integrates the application of locally available seaweed biomass (Angus and Dargie, 2002; Kent et al. 2003). Traditional agriculture of the Machair, practiced for at least 1,000 years before present (YBP), relies on a â€Å"crofting† system that generally includes an intensive rotation of livestock grazing, field crop cultivation, and two years of fallow, with hypothesized effects on soil biodiversity (Angus and Dargie, 2002; Vink et al., 2009). Soil fertility is still largely maintained by the traditional practice of application of manure and seaweed, primarily the brown alga Laminaria digitata (Angus and Dargie, 2002), which is collected and piled onshore for 1-2 weeks prior to application. Promotion of seaweed application as a part of sustaining small-scale, diversified agriculture is supported by Scottish Natural Heritage, a governmental conservation organization, as well as local conservation group efforts (Angus and Dargie, 2002).In addition to the Machair region, historical accounts of seaweed use in agriculture range from the British Isles, to coastal mainland Europe, to the northeastern region of the United States, including New York, Maine, and Rhode Island (Fussel, 1973; Smith et al., 1989; Cuomo et al., 1995). For example, prior to the adoption of synthetic fertilizer, potato production in Rhode Island incorporated seaweed collection as a means of maintaining soil fertility, including for agricultural research at the University of Rhode Island Agricultural Experiment Station (R. Casagrande, personal communication). Seaweed in the modern agricultural context In organic or reduced-input cropping systems, both in the U.S. and worldwide, seaweed-based agricultural products (e.g. extracts for foliar application and composts) are commonly employed (Khan et al., 2009). However, application of unprocessed biomass is less prevalent. To reduce dependence on application of inorganic fertilizers, make use of an abundant (sometimes over-abundant) resource, and improve soil quality, the traditional practice of seaweed application may have modern application in coastal regions. Because adding seaweed to soil can increase plant macro and micronutrients, and may improve soil biological, chemical and physical properties (Khan et al., 2009), the practice may be an additional strategy to manage soil fertility and quality that addresses the dual problems of reliance on inorganic chemical fertilization and wasting o f valuable, nutrient-rich biomass. Inorganic fertilizer inputs account for a large fraction of conventional farm expenses, energy consumption, and carbon emissions (Lal, 2004). Application of inorganic fertilizers without addition of organic enhancements, cover crop use, or use of alternative tillage practices can result in depletion of soil organic matter (SOM), with concomitant negative effects on many soil properties important for crop productivity (e.g. nutrient retention, moisture-holding capacity, aggregate formation, and microbial activity) (Brock et al., 2012; Franzluebbers, 2012). Furthermore, levels of nutrient elements other than N, P, and K (e.g. Ca, Mg, Mo, B, and S) are generally low in inorganic fertilizers, and are of increasing concern for crop quality and nutritional value (Welch and Graham, 2012). Consequently, reliance on inorganic fertilizer as a sole source of fertility is often questioned as a sustainable management strategy, and 4diversification of inputs is encouraged, particularly inputs that provide not only primary nutrients (i.e. N, P and K), but also organic matter and trace elements (Lal, 2004). Organic enhancements used to improve soil fertility include traditional (e.g. animal manure) and non-traditional (e.g. industrial by-products) materials (Power et al., 2000). Seaweed, which contains primary nutrients, organic C, and other nutrient elements, is thus a good candidate organic enhancement material as part of a diversified soil fertility management strategy. In addition to the potential crop nutrition benefits of seaweed enhancement, the prevalence of seaweed biomass in coastal areas as a result of both natural phenomena and anthropogenic impacts may allow for use of seaweed with minimal cost. Nutrient (N and P) enrichment of coastal waters – sometimes attributed to fertilizer runoff from agriculture and home use – can cause excessive seaweed growth (Morand and Merceron, 2005). In addition to detrimental ecological impacts (e.g. oxygen depletion), the accumulation of seaweed biomass on beaches can have negative economic consequences (RI DEM, 2010). For instance, in the summer of 2012,  accumulation of the red seaweed Polysiphonia sp. on Massachusetts beaches required mechanical removal and disposal in order to maintain beaches for public use, costing money for equipment use and labor, as well as preventing beach use. Beach-cast biomass is often removed and disposed of in landfills. Although the species composition and pro perties of beach-cast seaweed varies based on location and environment (e.g. estuarine vs. marine), the coordination of accumulated seaweed biomass removal with agricultural application may provide a low-cost, locallyavailable resource for soil fertility management. To initiate this arrangement for 5 coastal regions, characterization of seaweed biomass in terms of location and abundance, species composition, and chemical characteristics relevant to soil quality and plant nutrition is required. Additionally, quantification of seaweed biomass effects on soil quality and crop production is required to validate putative benefits or negative effects of seaweed enhancement practices 1.2.3 Scope Marine algae is estimated to contribute about 70 % to 80 % of earth’s atmospheric oxygen, amounting to about 330 billion tonnes of oxygen per year (Hall, 2008). This is an indication of how important algae are to the environment. Algae are simple, autotrophic organisms that are either microscopic or macroscopic. Specifically, seaweeds are macroscopic algae that thrive in benthic marine waters. Just like terrestrial plants, these groups of multicellular organisms are autotrophic and thus have the ability to carry out photosynthesis. However, they do not posses several distinct organs such as true leaves, roots, flowers and seeds that typify terrestrial plants (Sumich Morrissey, 2004). There are roughly 10000 different species of seaweeds recorded. Generally, seaweeds can be divided into three groups, namely Rhodophyceae (6000 species), Chlorophyceae (2000 species) and Phaeophyceae (2000 species) based on their colour pigment (Guiry Guiry, 2011). The genus being studied,  Sar gassum, belongs to the group Phaeophyceae, which obtains its distinctive brown colour from the xantophyll pigment of fucoxanthin. Cell walls of these algae are mainly composed of cellulose and alginic acid, a valuable component that adds commercial value to Sargassum species. In Asia, seaweeds are commonly used as fertilizers and as food for both humans and animals. Trono (1999), McHugh (2003) and Phang (2006) are among the many authors who have listed down the beneficial usages of seaweeds which include Sargassum as raw products for cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry.

NATO :: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO

NATO We have already advanced the war on terrorism into Iraq, we have the ability to look back at it with additional knowledge. The expression,† hindsight is 20/20," is also relevant. We have additional knowledge now that we did not have prior to advancing the war on terrorism into Iraq and that knowledge can easily influence our perspective. During the time prior to moving into Iraq, I think we, as a nation, reacted resolutely to stop terrorists and their ability to train. After the events of Sept. 11 the movement into Afghanistan I do not think met with much resistance by the American public. That same public opinion was different for the advance into Iraq. I think the previous action, namely the Gulf War, influenced that reaction as well. In the four major paradigms or schools of thought on international relations, the realist school of thought believes politics is a power struggle among nation-states. Thomas Morgenthau is the â€Å"father† of realism. Realists have little faith in international law or international organizations. The globalist school of thought focuses on economic interdependence of the global arena. Political and economic decisions in one industrialized nation have consequences for all other nations as well as non-state actors. We believe President Bush acted on Iraq primarily using the realist school of thought. The realists have "little faith in international law or international organizations." The situation in Iraq had been degrading for some time as Saddam Hussein was not adhering to the resolutions from the Gulf War. We tried to get the international community and NATO to back us and agree with our position. But this didn't happen. I believe President Bush lost confidence in NATO and acted independently. Alternately, we acted with the globalist school of thought in regards to the war on terrorism.

A Study on How Informatics Affect the Clinical Nursing Practice

Computers have played an important role in every profession including nursing. Information technology is widely used by different hospitals worldwide to strengthen the quality that was given to the patients. Hence, nursing informatics has emerged in the past and continues to boom and being used by the medical practitioners nowadays.Nursing Informatics is a specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science and information science to manage and communicate data, information and knowledge in nursing practice.It facilitates the integration of data, information and knowledge to support patients, nurses and other providers in their decision making in all roles and settings. This support is accomplished through the use of information structures, information processes and information technology. (ANA, 2001, p. 17)It is anticipated that majority of nurses who will enter the profession will be computer literate by the year 2010. In addition, it is also anticipated that every health c are setting will employ at least one Nurse Informatics specialist and will implement some type of a Clinical Information System.It is designed to support clinical nursing practice. It requires not only an understanding of professional nursing but also technology that is the application of science to function electronically.[1] Nursing practice has evolved and changed radically. It has become an integral part of the Electronic Health Record. Computer systems with nursing and patient care data, nursing care plans were integrated into one interdisciplinary patient health record in the Electronic Health Record.Continued advancement of information and technology and its application to the nursing practice plays an important role and greatly affect each nurse especially those registered nurses who are more experienced, that is why this term paper seeks to present and discuss the role of informatics in clinical nursing practice. More specifically, it answers the following:1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What are the nursing tasks and responsibilities that will apply to the use of computer technology that will contribute to good clinical governance?2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How can the nurses further involve themselves both in the use of technology and decision making process in regards to the evaluation and selection of applications in the computer software and hardware?3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What are the strategies that can be used to bridge the age and digital experience gap between participating nurses and the influx of the next generation new graduates that apply to informatics application?This particular topic needs a great deal of general description method. In the process, it can also be helped with the use of review of some studies that is related to the impact of nursing informatics to clinical nursing.I. BodyThe application of Nursing Informatics provides great benefits not only to the patients but to the nurses themselves as well. The health care team especially nurse s makes use of Electronic Health Record (HER) in documenting the case of the patient. It is a secure, real time point of care, patient-centric information resource for clinicians.The EHR can include dental and other records concerning a patient. It represents the portions of a patient’s medical record that are stored in a computer system as well the functional benefits derived from having an electronic health record. (HIMSS Analytics, INC, 2007) (Gartee, 2007)One advantage of an electronic health record is that it can be simultaneously available to everyone who needs to use it. Secondly is that, electronic records necessitate the collection of structured data. The nurse can systematically collect data that can be transformed into information for decision making and can also be used to examine what practices, treatments, and procedures are associated with the best outcomes.The nursing responsibility that will apply to the use of informatics is mainly the nursing documentation. Because it encompasses most of the nursing tasks which includes observation, plan of care which is also known as nursing care plan that has to be documented. Each and every procedure and intervention may it be dependent or independent nursing intervention has to be documented in a proper way.The strategies that can be used by nurses to involve themselves in informatics is based in the result of the study which was published in 2005 that examined the readiness of nurses in the United States for a shift to evidence based practice.There are several issues that has to be addressed to involve nurses to participate in the use of technology in delivering quality health care to their patients. These issues are the following: (1) lack of access to research findings; (2) lack of ability to mine the information from the bibliographic databases; (3) lack of time; and (4) lack of the value in research.The first issue according to Diane Pravikoff, the presence of rich and appropriate resources f or use in gathering the evidence is one of the most important factors in incorporating EBP into practice.Based on the issues that was given, the strategies that can be used to involve nurses in informatics is mainly participation to researches and breakthroughs that is given by accredited organization to foster the scarcity of nurses who are not aware to the rapidly increasing discoveries and breakthroughs in the field of nursing.Secondly is in the participation of nurses to seminars. In addition, it will also be a great help if the nursing professionals will involve themselves in the continuing education to further enhance their knowledge in improving the quality of care of the patients.Moreover, it will have a great outcome if all nurses will be trained on how to use the information technology and study the applications that are needed in using and accessing the electronic health record of the patient. Lastly, it is more important that this knowledge gained from experiences, resea rches and seminars and education must be put into practice and be mastered to provide the optimum health of the patients.As previously discussed, to bridge the age and digital experience gap between participating nurses and the influx of the next generation new graduates that apply to informatics application, all nurses should participate in a training in information and technology and involve themselves in continuing education especially in the field of nursing informatics to address the anticipated outcome of the American Nurses Association which is by year 2010, majority of nurses should be computer literate.Nurses should participate to formal trainings and pursue the course either through a traditional type of degree such as a Masters or via a Certificate program.[1] Kathleen A. McCormick, Essentials of Nursing Informatics (International edition 2006), 4 A Study on How Informatics Affect the Clinical Nursing Practice Computers have played an important role in every profession including nursing. Information technology is widely used by different hospitals worldwide to strengthen the quality that was given to the patients. Hence, nursing informatics has emerged in the past and continues to boom and being used by the medical practitioners nowadays.Nursing Informatics is a specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science and information science to manage and communicate data, information and knowledge in nursing practice. It facilitates the integration of data, information and knowledge to support patients, nurses and other providers in their decision making in all roles and settings.This support is accomplished through the use of information structures, information processes and information technology. (ANA, 2001, p. 17)It is anticipated that majority of nurses who will enter the profession will be computer literate by the year 2010. In addition, it is also anticipated that every health c are setting will employ at least one Nurse Informatics specialist and will implement some type of a Clinical Information System.It is designed to support clinical nursing practice. It requires not only an understanding of professional nursing but also technology that is the application of science to function electronically. [1]Nursing practice has evolved and changed radically. It has become an integral part of the Electronic Health Record. Computer systems with nursing and patient care data, nursing care plans were integrated into one interdisciplinary patient health record in the Electronic Health Record.Continued advancement of information and technology and its application to the nursing practice plays an important role and greatly affect each nurse especially those registered nurses who are more experienced, that is why this term paper seeks to present and discuss the role of informatics in clinical nursing practice. More specifically, it answers the following:1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What are the nursing tasks and responsibilities that will apply to the use of computer technology that will contribute to good clinical governance?2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How can the nurses further involve themselves both in the use of technology and decision making process in regards to the evaluation and selection of applications in the computer software and hardware?3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What are the strategies that can be used to bridge the age and digital experience gap between participating nurses and the influx of the next generation new graduates that apply to informatics application?This particular topic needs a great deal of general description method. In the process, it can also be helped with the use of review of some studies that is related to the impact of nursing informatics to clinical nursing.I. BodyThe application of Nursing Informatics provides great benefits not only to the patients but to the nurses themselves as well. The health care team especially nurse s makes use of Electronic Health Record (HER) in documenting the case of the patient. It is a secure, real time point of care, patient-centric information resource for clinicians. The EHR can include dental and other records concerning a patient. It represents the portions of a patient’s medical record that are stored in a computer system as well the functional benefits derived from having an electronic health record. (HIMSS Analytics, INC, 2007) (Gartee, 2007)One advantage of an electronic health record is that it can be simultaneously available to everyone who needs to use it. Secondly is that, electronic records necessitate the collection of structured data. The nurse can systematically collect data that can be transformed into information for decision making and can also be used to examine what practices, treatments, and procedures are associated with the best outcomes.The nursing responsibility that will apply to the use of informatics is mainly the nursing documentation . Because it encompasses most of the nursing tasks which includes observation, plan of care which is also known as nursing care plan that has to be documented. Each and every procedure and intervention may it be dependent or independent nursing intervention has to be documented in a proper way.The strategies that can be used by nurses to involve themselves in informatics is based in the result of the study which was published in 2005 that examined the readiness of nurses in the United States for a shift to evidence based practice.There are several issues that has to be addressed to involve nurses to participate in the use of technology in delivering quality health care to their patients. These issues are the following: (1) lack of access to research findings; (2) lack of ability to mine the information from the bibliographic databases; (3) lack of time; and (4) lack of the value in research.The first issue according to Diane Pravikoff, the presence of rich and appropriate resources for use in gathering the evidence is one of the most important factors in incorporating EBP into practice.Based on the issues that was given, the strategies that can be used to involve nurses in informatics is mainly participation to researches and breakthroughs that is given by accredited organization to foster the scarcity of nurses who are not aware to the rapidly increasing discoveries and breakthroughs in the field of nursing.Secondly is in the participation of nurses to seminars. In addition, it will also be a great help if the nursing professionals will involve themselves in the continuing education to further enhance their knowledge in improving the quality of care of the patients.Moreover, it will have a great outcome if all nurses will be trained on how to use the information technology and study the applications that are needed in using and accessing the electronic health record of the patient. Lastly, it is more important that this knowledge gained from experiences, rese arches and seminars and education must be put into practice and be mastered to provide the optimum health of the patients.As previously discussed, to bridge the age and digital experience gap between participating nurses and the influx of the next generation new graduates that apply to informatics application, all nurses should participate in a training in information and technology and involve themselves in continuing education especially in the field of nursing informatics to address the anticipated outcome of the American Nurses Association which is by year 2010, majority of nurses should be computer literate.Nurses should participate to formal trainings and pursue the course either through a traditional type of degree such as a Masters or via a Certificate program.Information relevant to clinical decision making continues to expand, and its relevance will only increase as the electronic health record becomes a standard part of practice. The examples of information technology sup port for Evidenced Based Practice are internet resources, and software applications for EBP.   When it comes to EBP, internet is one of the most valuable sources of information.Different organization especially the US government provides several website that can be accessed to update the medical professions in expanding their knowledge regarding informatics. Internet can be accessed in different modes. It can be provided through a wireless broadband, mobiles used as a modem for internet connection and some makes use of dial up connection.Whether access is in mobile or not, the internet is increasingly an important adjunct to safe practice. The number of practical tools available on the internet increases each year which may result into information overload, unless the user knows how to retrieve and structure available tools. Basic and advanced internet skills are needed to adapt to a frequently changing internet environment and to retrieve the wealth of internet information applic able to clinical practice in an efficient manner.According to the University of California at Berkeley’s Library (2007), there are five internet steps strategy for effective internet searches: (1) Analyze your topic to decide where to begin; (2) pick the right search engine; (3) learn as you go and vary approach as what you have learned; (4) don’t bug down in a search strategy that does not work; and (5) return to any of the previous strategies with the insights and the information gained and repeat the process.The software application for EBP is supplied by the Electronic Health Record. The EHR has many components that incorporate EBP at the bedside, including Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) and Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE).This is of great importance because is always updated in terms of knowledge and applied reasoning by a CDSS. The clinical tasks performed by the decision support are the following: alerts and reminders, diagnostic assistance, t herapy plans, medication orders and information retrieval. As a result, the appropriateness of data regarding this updates is validated because of their responsibilities.II.  Ã‚   ConclusionPatient safety continues to be a well-documented priority for healthcare organizations. This is the reason why many research was made and is continuously being done to improve the delivery of optimum health care to the clients. Nursing informatics greatly affects the nurses especially the old nurses who were not able to catch up with the advancement of technology.But in the long run, many of them wants to improve their knowledge and be part of the rapid immersion of information technology in the field of nursing to provide benefits both in the patient and nurses such as more accurate data and zero errors in drug administration, accessibility and easy view of the patients record by the health care team at the same time when needed.BibliographyAmerican Nurses Association (ANA). (2001). Scopes and Standards of Nursing Practice for Nursing Informatics. Washington, DC: American Nurses PublishingGartee, R. (2007). Electronic Health Records: Understanding and Using Computerized Medical Records. Upper Saddle Rivers, NJ: Prentice HallHIMSS Analytics, INC. (2007). Definitions. Retrieved January 27, 2008, from HIMSS Analytics: http://www.himssanalytics.org/docs/Definitions-By-Term.pdfMcCormick, K. A. . Essentials of Nursing Informatics. International edition 2006.[1]  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kathleen A. McCormick, Essentials of Nursing Informatics (International edition 2006), 4